01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Lightly grease a 9x13-inch casserole dish with butter or cooking spray.
02 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add butternut squash, parsnips, carrots, and Brussels sprouts. Cook for 8 minutes until slightly tender, then drain thoroughly in a colander and set aside.
03 - In a large skillet over medium heat, melt 2 tablespoons butter. Add leeks and garlic; sauté for 3-4 minutes until softened and fragrant, stirring occasionally to prevent burning.
04 - Sprinkle flour evenly over the sautéed leeks, stirring constantly for 1 minute to cook out the raw flour taste. The mixture will become pasty and golden.
05 - Gradually whisk in milk and heavy cream, ensuring no lumps form. Add thyme, sage, nutmeg, salt, and pepper. Simmer over medium-low heat for 4-5 minutes, stirring frequently, until the sauce thickens enough to coat the back of a spoon.
06 - Gently fold the blanched vegetables into the cream sauce, taking care not to break them apart. Transfer the entire mixture to the prepared casserole dish, spreading it into an even layer.
07 - Sprinkle the grated Gruyère cheese evenly over the vegetable mixture, covering the entire surface.
08 - In a small bowl, combine panko breadcrumbs, melted butter, and chopped parsley. Mix until the breadcrumbs are evenly coated with butter.
09 - Sprinkle the breadcrumb mixture evenly over the cheese layer. Bake uncovered for 35-40 minutes until the casserole is bubbly around the edges and the topping is golden brown and crispy.
10 - Remove from the oven and let the casserole stand for 10 minutes before serving. This allows the sauce to set slightly for cleaner portions.